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  1.               
  2.  
  3.                             SECTION XI
  4.  
  5.                FRACTURES, SPRAINS, STRAINS & DISLOCATIONS
  6.  
  7.  
  8.                     Fractures, sprains, strains and
  9.                     dislocations may be hard for the lay
  10.                     person to tell apart. For this
  11.                     reason, first aid treatment of any of
  12.                     these conditions is handled as though
  13.                     the injury was a fracture.
  14.  
  15.                     Signs and symptoms of the above
  16.                     conditions may include a "grating"
  17.                     sensation of bones rubbing together,
  18.                     pain, tenderness, swelling, bruising
  19.                     and an inability to move the injured
  20.                     part.
  21.  
  22.                     First Aid for any of these conditions
  23.                     consists of:
  24.  
  25.                     * Control bleeding, if present.
  26.  
  27.                     * Care for shock.
  28.  
  29.                     * Splint affected area to prevent
  30.                       further movement, but do so only if
  31.                       possible without causing further
  32.                       pain to victim.
  33.  
  34.                     * Cold packs may help reduce pain and
  35.                       swelling.
  36.        
  37.  
  38.                     Victims with traumatic injuries, such
  39.                     as those caused by automobile
  40.                     accidents, falls etc. should not be
  41.                     moved except by trained rescue
  42.                     workers. Head, neck and back injuries
  43.                     are serious and require special care
  44.                     for movement and transport of victims
  45.                     with these conditions. In exceptional
  46.                     circumstances, such as when a victim
  47.                     is at risk of further injury unless
  48.                     moved, the victim's head
  49.                     and neck should be stabilized and the
  50.                     body moved with minimal flexing of
  51.                     the head, neck or spinal cord.
  52.  
  53.  
  54.  
  55.                     ALL VICTIMS WITH FRACTURES,
  56.                     DISLOCATIONS, SPRAINS AND STRAINS
  57.                     REQUIRE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL
  58.                     ATTENTION.
  59.  
  60.                                  ***